year of type 1 diabetes whereas for those 10 year and older there were 18.6 casesper 100000 type 1 diabetes is a disease affecting the body's metabolism of glucose. the food ingested the food ingested is converted to glucose which is used for energy. the pancreas secretes the hormone insulin which helps glucose to enter the cells to produce energy. if the body cannot make enough insulin or is not able to use the insulin effectively excess glucose builds up in the body. excess blood sugar over the long term can cause complications short-term symptoms include frequent urination excessive thirst unexplained weight loss extreme hunger sudden vision changes tingling or numbness in hands or feet feeling very tired much of the time very dry skin sores that are slow to heal and more infection than usual.