2. INSTRUMENTQuestionnaires have be

2. INSTRUMENT
Questionnaires have been used to collect information on teachers’ stress. The self-report stress questionnaire was
based on Teacher Stress Inventory, which has been developed by Boyle et al. (1995) and had been modified by
Mokhtar (1998) and Mazlan (2002) to fit with Malaysian school context. Alpha Cronbach value for this instrument
was 0.93. Minor changes have been made by the researchers to this instrument to reflect teacher stress among
special education teachers in integration schools.
The questionnaire contained two sections. The first section was regarding respondents’ biographical information
such as gender, age, race, marriage status, field of study, academic qualification, length of teaching experience, and
monthly salary. The second section consisted of 48 questions. In this section, respondents were asked to indicate the
degree to which they found the aspects of their work is stressful (the 48 items included the following: pupils’
misbehavior, teacher workload, time and resources difficulties, interpersonal relationships, and recognition). They
were asked to rate how stressful they found each item based on a Five Point Likert scale as showed in Table 1.