Lipoteichoic acid on the surface of

Lipoteichoic acid on the surface of the bacterium Lac- tobacillus rhamnosus can bind to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) on the surface of peristaltic macrophages, producing the chemokine CXCL12 [26, 60]. Yeung et al. used oral lacto- bacilli probiotics in mice with chemotherapy-induced intes- tinal mucositis. They suggested that probiotics may be used to improve mucositis as an alternative therapeutic solution to prevent or manage mucositis caused by chemotherapy, and their results were in line with ours [61]. Stamatova et al. used probiotics in dairy products to improve the signs and symptoms of Crohn’s disease. They mentioned that probiotic bacteria in the mouth are essential to determine their safety and properties [62].