The results are also weak if we sub

The results are also weak if we substitute for the belief variables a measure of
whether persons consider themselves to be religious.

In a specification parallel to those in columns 1 and 3 of Table 4, the estimated coefficients are -0.0026 (0.0026) on the monthly attendance variable and -0.0059 (0.0032) on the religiousness variable.

Thus,religiousness seems to behave more like monthly church attendance and less like beliefs
in hell, heaven, or an after-life.