the instructional approach 3 teacher is capable of giving genuine choices to students and yet ensures that they learn essential facts and skills called for by the formal curriculum.in order to do this ,such teachers can use 'in the moment " questions and experiences in the classroom to connect to the formal curriculum . this process is very different from using teaching strategies or materials "packaged " by someone else . Carmen knows that at any moment an unexpected event may occur in
her class that she could use to teach some aspect of the curriculum, from the need for correct spelling to deepening insight.