The instrumental conditions used were as follows: injector (mode and temperature), splitless, for 1.0 min at 250 °C; stripping gas, hydrogen at 1.0 mL.min− 1; oven, 40 °C, increased to 240 °C at 3 °C min− 1 and remained at this temperature for 4 min; and detector temperature, 250 °C.