Unmodified corn starch was purchase

Unmodified corn starch was purchased from Cargill Turk
(Istanbul, Turkey). Beeswax and corn husk were obtained from
local producers in Antalya (Turkey). Kaolin was supplied by
Kalemaden (Çanakkale, Turkey). Glyoxal solution (40% w/w) was
obtained from BASF Turk Chemical Co. (Istanbul, Turkey). Guar
gum was supplied by Incom Co. (Mersin, Turkey), and other reagents
were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co.
To prepare the corn husk fibre, corn husks were dried overnight
in a drying oven at 90 C. After drying, the husks were cut using
scissors and boiled for 10 min to allow the coloured substances
they contained to be partially removed. The husks were suspended
in boiling water; homogenised at 18,000 rpm (Ultraturrax T-25,
IKA Labortechnik, Staufen, Germany) for 5 min; and dried and
ground in a coffee grinder (Bosch MKM6000 model, Germany).
The ground fibres were sifted, and the fraction that passed through
a 350 lm sieve was collected for use in the experiment.
Kaolin was used in a granular form with a typical composition
of 42.16% SiO2, 39.35% Al2O3, 1.10% Fe2O3 and other minor elements.
It was ground by passing through a 45 lm sieve with a disc
mill. Before use, beeswax was purified by melting then filtered
using filter paper in a drying oven at 80 C.