The lean concept as we know it nowadays is the result of the evolution of the Toyota
Production System (TPS), developed and gradually evolved from 1948 onwards. Toyota analyzed the
Western production systems and the results were striking for Taiichi Ohno. He identified two major
flaws within these Western ways of producing, the first flaw he argued was that producing
components in large batches resulted in large inventories, which took up costly capital and
warehouse space and resulted in a high number of defects