Sweeney and Soutar (2001) developed the PERVAL scale that can measure customer perceived value, consisting of 19 indicators in 4 categories. This scale aims at evaluating customer perception of value on long-term brand level. This kind of measuring method is to determine the consumption value that can result in
transaction attitude and behaviors in the retail transaction environment. It forms four independent value dimensions, that is, emotional, social, quality/performance and
price/value for money. Except for emotional, the other three are contents of customer perceived value.