Although earthquake prediction is still a challenging task, recent
studies have shown that numerous geophysical and geochemical
parameters are closely associated with earthquakes
(Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004; Molchanov and Hayakawa,
2008; Akhoondzadeh, 2011). Monitoring these parameters is
one of the recent research activities with the aim of reducing
the effects of natural hazards. Earthquake is a dynamic phenomenon
and usually happens because of crust displacement.
When the earthquake happens, an energy transfer due to a
breakdown between source and environment is made. These
changes prior to the earthquake or along with it may have
different physical and chemical affects on the lithosphere,
atmosphere and ionosphere, therefore making it detectable.
These variations of lithosphere, atmosphere and ionosphere
parameters before the main earthquakes are considered as
earthquake precursors which are used as hints for impending
earthquakes. Widespread research on earthquake prediction
over the past decades has resulted in the recognition of
many earthquake precursors in the lithosphere, atmosphere
and ionosphere.