Several studies also indicate that

Several studies also indicate that Campylobacter isolated from
poultry expressed phenotypic patterns of MDR. Abay et al. (2014)
randomly isolated 200 C. jejuni strains from 100 patients that were
positive for Campylobacter infections and 100 from chickens purchased
at retail. All isolates were tested against nine antimicrobials
and both human and chicken isolates were found to have resistance
to at least one antimicrobial with a 92% and 96% occurrence,
respectively, and 85% and 94% showed resistance to two or more
antimicrobials, respectively. The most common resistance combination
observedwas to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxin, nalidixic acid, and/
or tetracycline. Perez-Boto et al. (2012) isolated 430 Campylobacter
strains from the caeca of chickens raised on two different farms. Of
those isolates, 68.5% were resistant to quinolones, 46.5% displayed
tetracycline resistance and 9.6% were resistant to amoxicillin, a
-lactam class of antimicrobial. In the United States, broiler
feeds were supplemented with quinolones and fluoroquinolones
from 1995 to 2005. Although the incorporation of these compounds
in animal feed was outlawed in 2005 and their usage has drastically
diminished since then, a joint multi-state study conducted by Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Arizona State University
found fluoroquinolones in feather meal which is a common
supplement in chicken, cattle, and swine feeds