According to Ashour, charismatic le

According to Ashour, charismatic leadership was an integral precursor of de-radicalization in these organizations. To curb violence in these organizations, several features of this form of leadership were especially important. First, to ensure they were perceived as legitimate and substantive, only spiritual or religious leaders were effective. Other leaders of the organization could not curb radicalization. Second, if these spiritual or religious leaders were senior members of the organization, they were especially effective, as in the case of al-Sharif in the al-Jihad Organization. Nevertheless, spiritual or religious leaders outside the organization can still effect some change. Third, leaders who were not connected to specific factions were also more influential. Fourth, leaders who have been involved in previous struggles were perceived as more credible and, thus, were more likely to initiative de-radicalization. Finally, these leaders were usually effective only after they were granted opportunities to debate their position with many followers, as exemplified in the Islamic Group.