Most of the participants’ thoughts

Most of the participants’ thoughts cohered with Seçil’s statement above on the necessity to learn and fluently speak in English in order to meet their career and job requirements. Thus, they demonstrated more instrumental orientations toward learning and using the language. That is, English language served as an instrument in accomplishing career-oriented objectives. This pattern of attitude reflects participants’ utilitarian motives in attaining English language proficiency in order to gain social recognition and economic advantage in the workplace (Baker, 1992).
Aside from the instrumental values attached to English, some of the participants stated that they needed to learn English to survive in the U.S., not necessarily to achieve a higher economic or social status. Such perceptions were especially common among the