Conclusions Process specific energ

Conclusions
 Process specific energy audits can help identify energy improving opportunities in a way that is not possible with global energy consumption figures. This is illustrated with the fuel consumption analysis of the truck-and-shovel system.
 At Mine 1, average truck and shovel fuel efficiencies are 37.14 and 39.29 tons/gal, respectively. The truck-and-shovel system‟s overall fuel efficiency is 19.09 tons/gal of diesel. At Mine 2, the highwall miner‟s energy efficiency is 0.443 tons/kWh.
 Equations (S1) and (S2) are valid fuel consumption models for shovel loading and truck haulage, respectively.
 Valid stochastic process models of truck-and-shovel operations have been formulated to study fuel efficiency.
 For Mine 1, the following strategies in decreasing order of impact, provide the most improvement in energy efficiency for truck-and-shovel overburden removal:
o Shorten haul roads while keeping haul grade and dozer push distance similar.
o Use a Hitachi EX2500 (20.4 yd3 dipper) instead of the EX1900 (14.4 yd3 dipper).
o Increase shovel utilization through addition of one more truck (either a 100-ton or 150-ton truck). This change marginally decreases fuel efficiency but significantly increases production and shovel utilization.
 Operator effects cannot be adequately described without additional data