which were lower (P < 0.001) than f

which were lower (P < 0.001) than fat yields from cows fed the CON diet. Protein and lactose concentrations were similar for cows offered all diets,

Mean concentrations of milk FA from cows offered the CON, DGM, and EGM diets are presented in Table3. Compared with the CON diet, the 2 grape marc diets resulted in reduced (P < 0.01) concentrations of C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, and C17:0 but increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of C4:0, C18:0, C20:0, and all of the C18:1 and C18:2 isomers, with the exception of cis-9,trans-11 C18:2. Overall, these changes resulted in reduced (P < 0.01) concentrations of total SFA and increased concentrations of both MUFA and PUFA as well as total C18 FA in the milk fat from cows offered the DGM and EGM diets compared with the CON diet. The grape marc diets also resulted in reduced (P < 0.001) concentrations of de novo synthesized FA compared with the CON diet. The individual FA concentrations in milk from cows fed the EGM diet were almost always intermediate to the corresponding concentrations in the milks of cows fed the CON and DGM diets.

concentration