McDonald’s also entered into several productive relationships with nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs). The company worked actively with NGOs in an attempt to improve and
better track the effects of its operations on both suppliers and customers. Packaging was a huge
environmental issue , and in Europe for example, in conjunction with Environmental Defense,
the company developed an alternative to polystyrene packaging called the ‘clamshell’ - a
cardboard container that keeps the food warm but was not as environmentally harmful as
polystyrene.