Technological literacy means knowledge about what technology is, how it works, what purposes it can serve, and
how it can be used efficiently and effectively to achieve specific goals. Visual literacy means the ability to interpret,
use, appreciate, and create images and video using both conventional and 21st century media in ways that advance
thinking, decision-making, communication, and learning. Information literacy means the ability to evaluate
information across a range of media; recognize when information is needed; locate, synthesize, and use information
effectively; and accomplish these functions using technology, communication networks, and electronic resources.
Multicultural literacy means the ability to understand and appreciate the similarities and differences in the customs,
values, and beliefs of one’s own culture and the cultures of others whereas global awareness means the recognition
and understanding of interrelationships among international organizations, nation-states, public and private
economic entities, socio-cultural groups, and individuals across the globe (NCREL and Metiri Group, 2003) .
Inventive thinking comprises of adaptability/managing complexity, self direction, curiosity, creativity, risk taking
and higher-order thinking and sound reasoning. Adaptability/managing complexity is the ability to modify one’s
thinking, attitude, or behaviour to be better suited to current or future environments, as well as the ability to handle
multiple goals, tasks, and inputs, while understanding and adhering to constraints of time, resources, and systems
(e.g., organizational, technological). Self-direction is the ability to set goals related to learning, plan for the
achievement of those goals, independently manage time and effort, and independently assess the quality of learning
and any products that result from the learning experience. Curiosity is the desire to know or a spark of interest that
leads to inquiry. Creativity is the act of bringing something into existence that is genuinely new and original,
whether personally (original only to the individual) or culturally (where the work adds significantly to a domain of
culture as recognized by experts). Risk-taking is the willingness to make mistakes, advocate unconventional or
unpopular positions, or tackle extremely challenging problems without obvious solutions, such that one’s personal
growth, integrity, or accomplishments are enhanced. Higher-order thinking and sound reasoning include the