Other factors must also be taken into account such as strategic developments, questions of ideology, changes in the domestic political circumstances in each of their societies and the impact of developments elsewhere. Nevertheless the periodization also accords with other important developments. The year 1979 was a turning point in many way, as it was then that china launched its brief incursion into Vietnam. The soviet union later invaded Afghanistan which led the united state to adopt a more confrontationist policy towards the soviet union. It was also the year in which china’s new policies of economic reform and openness began to take shape and in which the united state and china commenced a new period of normalized relations.