Reactive dyes are widely used to co

Reactive dyes are widely used to color cellulosic substances such
as cotton, rayonor linenowing to their wide gamut ofhues andgood
wet fastness (Ahmed, 2005; Ibrahim, Abdel Moneim Nabil, Abdel
Halim, & Hosni, 2008; Oner & Sahinbaskan, 2011). Exhaust coloring
of cotton with reactive dyes needs the presence of large quantities
of electrolytes (e.g. sodium chloride or sulfate), which can suppress
negative charges build-up at the fiber surface and promote
dye uptake (Bhattacharya & Iyanger, 2001; Tutak & Oktay zdemir,
2011). The concentration of electrolytes can be regulated at the
range of 30–100 g/l, depending on the depth of color, dye structure
or coloring recipe. However, the high concentration of electrolytes
inevitably leads to serious environmental pollution (Xie, Cheng,
Zhao, & Xu, 2011). Therefore, various alternative methods have
been explored to achieve cleaner coloring technology. Cationisation
of cotton is an effective means to tackle this issue because
cationisation could alter electric properties of cotton surface and
increase the substantivity between reactive dyes and cotton. Many
researches have been carried out in this area. Teng, Ma, and Zhang
(2010) pretreated cotton with cationic polyacrylamide using a dippad-bake
method and explored its coloring performance without
electrolyte. They found the fixation and K/S values of the reactive
dyes on cationised cotton were significantly improved in comparison
with those on untreated ones in the presence of salt