P. chainiiHenk, A. G. P. Browne et

P. chainii
Henk, A. G. P. Browne et Fisher sp. nov.
[MycoBank: MB515083]

Description: Colonies on MEA velvety; forming grey-, or
grey-green regions of conidiation; occasional production of
exudates. Produces a halo of inhibition of S. aureus growth
between 2 and 4 cm from the leading edge of the fungal colony
after 5 d of growth. Conidiophores mostly terverticilliate,
divaricate. Stipes smooth and 100e300 mm 3e5 mm, Phialides
ampulliform and closely packed. Conidia smooth, globose to
subglobose and 2e4 mm in diameter.
Diagnosis: Penicillium chainii is similar to P. chrysogenum, P.
floreyi, and P. rubens based on colony and conidial characters
when grown on standard media. It is distinct from the other
species in the Chrysogenum complex following the polymerase
chain reaction using primers crt1_chainii targeting the
crt1 region (50dCTTTCTACAATTGCTCGCGTTTTTATTTGd30,
50dCCTTGTTAGTGGCACCGCACTTAd30). Detection of P.
chainii is demonstrated following gel electrophoresis of the
PCR product by a visible band at approximately 180 bp.
Distribution: France, Portugal, United Kingdom.
HOLOTYPE: K(M)163134, a dried culture derived from
NRRL-35635 isolated from cork in Portugal. Ex-holotype culture:
NRRL-35635. Other strains examined: PC08STM7 (UK),
PC08STM10 (UK) and NRRL-35692 isolated from grape in
France.
Etymology: chainii; after Ernst Chain who along with
Fleming and Florey won a Nobel prize for his work isolating
penicillin from this complex of fungi.

Discussion
Our phylogenetic analysis adds further evidence to support