The context within which performanc

The context within which performance measurement and management is used is changing. The traditional
approaches to performance measurement have been on financial measures only. By the late 1980s, studies had shown
that historic financial measures are not enough sufficient for understanding the performance management in the new
economy because of the increasing complexity of organizations and the markets in which companies compete
(Kagioglou et al., 2001, Kennerley, Neely, 2002)
criteria for assessment and management of company activities is therefore inadequate and recently we can thus see the
growing emphasis laid on using of leading non-financial criteria (Ittner et al., 2003, Epstein, Manzoni, 1997).
In the field of business performance measurement, a diverse and multi-disciplinary research is appearing. This
brings different attitudes towards performance measurement and causes complications. Marr and Schiuma (2003) state
on the basis of citation analysis that there is a lack of a cohesive body of knowledge in the field of business
performance measurement. The field of performance managementis very diverse, because researchers contributing to