Table 1. The e-learning standards used in the IRM Standard Description RCD / LOD Reusable Competency Definitions / ICOPER Learning Outcome Definition (LOD): LOD is an application profile based on RCD, a data model that PALO Personal Achieved Learning Outcome profiles LOM Learning Object Metadata, a standard to describe metadata for learning objects OAI-PMH Open Archive Initiative’s Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, a protocol specifying the harvesting of metadata of learning objects in repositories IMS-LD IMS Learning Design, a standard for sequencing content according to logic (e.g. adaptive) rules, as well as user roles