Attributes were calculated as follo

Attributes were calculated as follows:
hardness (N), peak force required for first compression; springiness
(mm), distance sample recovers after first compression; adhesiveness
(N), the negative force area for the first bite representing the
work necessary to pull the compressing plunger away from the sample;
cohesiveness (dimensionless), ratio of positive force area during
the second compression; gumminess (N), the product of hardness
and cohesiveness; and chewiness (N × mm), the product of gumminess
and springiness.