One hundred and sixty of the 161 pa

One hundred and sixty of the 161 patients were admitted during the study period, met the study criteria, and participated in the study. One male patient was excluded because of the diagnosis of dementia. The mean length of current hospitalization was 24.9 ± 14.9 days. Eighty-two (51.3%) patients were physically restrained during their hospitalization. Compared with non-restrained patients, PR patients were younger, had more aggressive behavior before admission and poorer insight, received less outpatient psychiatric treatment, and were more likely to be involuntarily admitted and received mood stabilizers. Male patients were less likely to receive PR (Table 1)