The fibrous network of BC is made o

The fibrous network of BC is made of three dimensional nanofibres that well-arranged, resulting in formation of
hydrogel sheet with high surface area and porosity. Acetobacter xylinum produces cellulose I (ribbon-like polymer)
and cellulose II (thermodynamically stable polymer) as described in Fig. 2 (Chawla et al., 2009). During the
synthesis process, protofibrils of glucose chain are secreted through bacteria cell wall and aggregate together
forming nanofibrils cellulose ribbons (Ross et al., 1991). These ribbons construct the web shaped network structure
of BC with highly porous matrix (Dahman, 2009; Maria et al., 2010). The cellulose formed has abundant surface of
hydroxyl groups that explaining it as hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and chemical-modifying capacity (Klemm et
al., 2005). Further mechanism of BC synthesis was clearly explained by Chawla et al. (2009).