Each 1 ml reaction assay contained the dye (at 50 mg/l for Amaranth, Direct Blue 71 and Reactive Black5, 20 mg/l for Acid Violet 17 and 100 mg/l for RBBR) in 50 mM citrate–phosphate buffer (pH 3–9) with acetosyringone (50–1500 lM) and the crude laccase preparation (0.5 U).