A large number of publications incl

A large number of publications included either more than 1 relevant measure of olfactory function (eg, both odor identification and discrimination assessed) or included unirhinal testing, in which data for each nostril were obtained and analyzed separately. Therefore, 161 studies (out of 70 publications) were found to be appropriate for meta-analytic review. Relevant data, including statistical values on olfactory tasks and information about demographics, smoking, medication status, task type, and other moderator variables of interest were extracted by 3 individuals (VK, DMM, and ZDL) and cross-checked and reviewed by another author (PJM).