As already noted, DL learning in Po

As already noted, DL learning in Portugal has only recently made transition to e-learning pedagogy. The reliance until recently was largely in the classical DL mode based on paper. The transition phase of UAb is now completed. Other HEIs offering or contemplating to offer DL programmes are using the new DL pedagogy. The research base supporting innovation in DL, however, is relatively under-developed, though some progress has been made in recent years at UAb.
The relatively low range of DL offerings and the large reliance on classical pedagogy until recently has created a rather weak image of the quality of DL, particularly in the eyes of the traditional universities. This image problem holds not only for Portugal; but seem to be particularly acute in Portugal.