1. IntroductionEcological footprint

1. Introduction
Ecological footprint (EF) is mainly designed as an awareness raising
and environmental education tool that is relatively easy to
calculate, understand, and communicate to the public. It has been
pivotal in progressing the measurement and incorporation of
environmental capacity concerns into environmental behaviour
and decision-making in the 1990s (Wood and Lenzen, 2003).
A detailed description of the original footprint calculation model
can be found in Monfreda et al. (2004). Since its introduction by
Rees and Wacker nagel in the early 1990s ([Rees, 1992] and
[Wacker nagel and Rees, 1993, 1997]), numerous case studies and
methodological developments have been published. Some of these
footprint developments have been named as new indicators e for
example, the Sustainable Process Index (SPI) (Krotscheck and as well as total consumption at regional (and global) levels
(Chapagain and Hoekstra, 2004). Hubacek et al. (2010) have shown
how the WF can determine that water consumption in Beijing will
rise substantially over the next decade. Suggestions for reducing
thewater footprint of Beijing put forth by Hubacek et al. (2010) only
look at demand side management options. This approach, however
neglects supply side management options, which together with
demand side management can produce a more robust policy or
plan than considering only one or the other.