One of the difficulties in evaluati

One of the difficulties in evaluating leadership development is measuring whether and how
people change over the time period of the leadership development initiative. Even when
change over time is an inherent part of the design and evaluation of leadership development,
events may occur outside of the control of evaluators that limit the effectiveness of adequately
and accurately assessing change over time. With data from a leadership development initiative
designed to account for change over time, this article suggests hierarchical linear modeling
(HLM) as a multilevel methodological technique to assess change over time in a leadership
development context. This article will use real change over time data from a leadership
development initiative and discuss the logic and rationale of HLM. We use HLM as an example
of a multilevel methodological tool to investigate typical change over time questions in
leadership development evaluation.
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