Figure 1 (facing page). Enrollment and Randomization.
Baseline visits occurred when participants were at
least 4 months of age but younger than 11 months of
age. Participants randomly assigned to peanut consumption
who had a positive response to the oral
food challenge administered at baseline were instructed
not to eat peanuts but were included in the intentionto-
treat analysis. Only participants who adequately adhered
to treatment were included in the per-protocol
analysis. Adequate adherence to treatment was defined
in the peanut-avoidance group as consumption
of less than 0.2 g of peanut protein (the equivalent of
one peanut) on any occasion and less than 0.5 g over
a single week in the first 2 years of life. In the peanutconsumption
group, adequate adherence was defined
as consumption of at least 2 g of peanut protein on at
least one occasion in both the first and second years
of life and of at least 3 g of peanut protein (25 g of
Bamba [a snack food made from peanut butter and
puffed maize] or 12 g of peanut butter) per week for at
least 50% of the weeks during which data were recorded.
SPT denotes skin-prick test.