The 4th school was identified as a Traditional Non-Magnet (TNM). Students enrolled in the TNM attended that school based on proximity to home, with no parental selection. The TNM emphasized basic curricular standards to improve test scores. Instruction was based on structured direct instruction, including an emphasis on drill-and-practice using textbooks and worksheets. Students performed seat work at their desks and were expected to adhere to a strict code of discipline. The structured school environment included the use of behavioral consequences for modifying inappropriate behavior.