This review discusses the utilization of microalgae for wastewater nutrients removal. It discusses the bioprocess potentials and challenges of using microalgal cells for full-scale microbial wastewater treatment under free and immobilized conditions. It also presents a mechanistic insight of the mass transfer processes essential for optimal uptake of nutrients during
photo bioreaction. A new bioprocess paradigm based on integrated upstream and downstream processes for
multi-purpose microalgae bioprocessing and bioresource generation is discussed.