TOWARD A CONTRADICTION MODEL OF EFF

TOWARD A CONTRADICTION MODEL OF EFFECTIVENESS
Before getting into the specifics of the contradiction model of effectiveness that is to be introduced here, it should be made clear that the approach to be taken forces the analysis of effectiveness away from attempts to conceive of overall organizational effectiveness.
A contradiction model means the uncompromisable acceptance of the fact that it is folly to try to conceptualize organizations as effective or ineffective (Campbell, 1977). This approach agrees with the urg- ings of Hannan and Freeman (1977b) and Kahn (1977) that effectiveness not be used as a scientific concept.