need for students to have a positive attitude towards learning. With reference to this hypothesis, teachers need to
provide an atmosphere which is conducive to language learning. Optimal learning occurs when the affective filter is
weak. This results in a positive attitude towards the learning process. If the affective filter is strong, the students do not
seek the language input and also do not be open for the language learning as well. Therefore, using songs in the
teaching and learning process leads to achieving the weak affective filter and thus promoting language learning.
III. METHODOLOGY
In this study, the independent variable was the use of songs in YouTube. This is the treatment used with the
experimental group. The dependent variable was the vocabulary competence which was measured by the difference in
the mean scores between the pretest and posttest for both groups.
The study took the form of a quasi-experiment adopting the quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection.
Therefore, there were an experimental group and a control group. The treatment carried out on the experimental group
provided the quantitative data. The empirical evidence collected was used to explain the results of the effectiveness
from the usage of English songs in YouTube to improve the vocabulary competence among secondary students. As for
the data collected using the qualitative method, on-going observations were carried out and students were asked to write
journal entries throughout the six weeks of treatment.
A. Research Operation Plan
This study was implemented in 8 stages and each stage contained specific tasks or programmes. In the first stage, the
researchers reviewed literature associated with the field of study. In the second stage, findings from the first stage were
gathered pertaining to the study in which the researchers desired to carry out. Next, the research objective and research
questions developed in the third stage. In this stage, the methodology and measuring instruments to be used were also
planned. The fourth stage involved in selecting suitable songs in YouTube to be used for the study. The songs were
selected according to various criteria such as having comprehensible lyrics, moderate tempos, and not being popular
among the students.
In the fifth stage, interesting activities related to the vocabulary competence based on the selected songs were
planned out and included. Some of these activities were: sing-along, cloze text, sequencing words and phrases in song
verses, guessing song-meanings through context as well as creating own lyrics using the same melody of the song used
during the lesson. The lessons then were carried out in the sixth stage and data was collected through on-going
observations and journal entries written by the participants in addition to vocabulary tests which served as pretest and
posttest.
In the seventh stage, data analysis was performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
program. The data analysis included an independent sample t-test and paired t-test to ascertain the change that occurred
within the two groups. Qualitative data was analysed based on the researchers’ observations and the journal entries
written by the participants. The final stage included reporting whether the research questions have been answered or not
based on the findings.
B. Sampling
A total of 68 Form Four students in the government-run schools in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia were selected as
the participants for this study. In order to avoid any misinterpretation of invalidity, the researchers decided to use two
heterogeneous groups from the arts stream. The only difference between the two groups was that one group – the
experimental group– was exposed to the treatment of using songs in YouTube while the other group – the control
group– experienced the traditional teacher-fronted method. There were 34 participants in each group.
For the purpose of qualitative data collection, nine participants were chosen from each group. Thus, a total of 18
participants were chosen from the sample. They represented three different proficiency levels: above-average, average
and below-average. The reason of choosing the participants according to proficiency level was to ensure that the
teachers had given equal attention to them all and did not just concentrate on participants with below-average
proficiency level. This is especially important for the experimental group so that all participants in the experimental
group would be given equal attention during the treatment of using songs in YouTube to improve their vocabulary
competence.
C. Instruments
This study utilised three types of measuring instruments: vocabulary test, on-going observation and journal entries.
The utilisation of these methods was to advocate the use of different methods of data collection and different data
sources to ensure accuracy, validity, reliability and credibility of the information and data gathered. The use of the
quantitative method was to provide an overall picture to the problem in the study while the two qualitative methods
were used with 18 selected participants from the sample to provide in-depth information of the study.
1. Vocabulary test
A vocabulary test was conducted at the beginning of the study with both groups as a pretest before the start of the
treatment. The purpose of this pretest was to ascertain the level of vocabulary competence of the participants in both
need for students to have a positive attitude towards learning. With reference to this hypothesis, teachers need to
provide an atmosphere which is conducive to language learning. Optimal learning occurs when the affective filter is
weak. This results in a positive attitude towards the learning process. If the affective filter is strong, the students do not
seek the language input and also do not be open for the language learning as well. Therefore, using songs in the
teaching and learning process leads to achieving the weak affective filter and thus promoting language learning.
III. METHODOLOGY
In this study, the independent variable was the use of songs in YouTube. This is the treatment used with the
experimental group. The dependent variable was the vocabulary competence which was measured by the difference in
the mean scores between the pretest and posttest for both groups.
The study took the form of a quasi-experiment adopting the quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection.
Therefore, there were an experimental group and a control group. The treatment carried out on the experimental group
provided the quantitative data. The empirical evidence collected was used to explain the results of the effectiveness
from the usage of English songs in YouTube to improve the vocabulary competence among secondary students. As for
the data collected using the qualitative method, on-going observations were carried out and students were asked to write
journal entries throughout the six weeks of treatment.
A. Research Operation Plan
This study was implemented in 8 stages and each stage contained specific tasks or programmes. In the first stage, the
researchers reviewed literature associated with the field of study. In the second stage, findings from the first stage were
gathered pertaining to the study in which the researchers desired to carry out. Next, the research objective and research
questions developed in the third stage. In this stage, the methodology and measuring instruments to be used were also
planned. The fourth stage involved in selecting suitable songs in YouTube to be used for the study. The songs were
selected according to various criteria such as having comprehensible lyrics, moderate tempos, and not being popular
among the students.
In the fifth stage, interesting activities related to the vocabulary competence based on the selected songs were
planned out and included. Some of these activities were: sing-along, cloze text, sequencing words and phrases in song
verses, guessing song-meanings through context as well as creating own lyrics using the same melody of the song used
during the lesson. The lessons then were carried out in the sixth stage and data was collected through on-going
observations and journal entries written by the participants in addition to vocabulary tests which served as pretest and
posttest.
In the seventh stage, data analysis was performed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)
program. The data analysis included an independent sample t-test and paired t-test to ascertain the change that occurred
within the two groups. Qualitative data was analysed based on the researchers’ observations and the journal entries
written by the participants. The final stage included reporting whether the research questions have been answered or not
based on the findings.
B. Sampling
A total of 68 Form Four students in the government-run schools in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia were selected as
the participants for this study. In order to avoid any misinterpretation of invalidity, the researchers decided to use two
heterogeneous groups from the arts stream. The only difference between the two groups was that one group – the
experimental group– was exposed to the treatment of using songs in YouTube while the other group – the control
group– experienced the traditional teacher-fronted method. There were 34 participants in each group.
For the purpose of qualitative data collection, nine participants were chosen from each group. Thus, a total of 18
participants were chosen from the sample. They represented three different proficiency levels: above-average, average
and below-average. The reason of choosing the participants according to proficiency level was to ensure that the
teachers had given equal attention to them all and did not just concentrate on participants with below-average
proficiency level. This is especially important for the experimental group so that all participants in the experimental
group would be given equal attention during the treatment of using songs in YouTube to improve their vocabulary
competence.
C. Instruments
This study utilised three types of measuring instruments: vocabulary test, on-going observation and journal entries.
The utilisation of these methods was to advocate the use of different methods of data collection and different data
sources to ensure accuracy, validity, reliability and credibility of the information and data gathered. The use of the
quantitative method was to provide an overall picture to the problem in the study while the two qualitative methods
were used with 18 selected participants from the sample to provide in-depth information of the study.
1. Vocabulary test
A vocabulary test was conducted at the beginning of the study with both groups as a pretest before the start of the
treatment. The purpose of this pretest was to ascertain the level of vocabulary competence of the participants in both
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