1.2.2. Sense of place in relation to spiritual dimension
Several studies investigating sense of place in relation to the spiritual dimension have been carried out as a part of characteristic research study during the last researches on how to make the retain identity of the place that represent three diverse geographical, cultural and spiritual settings, but they perform similar functions that provide a unique sense of identity and place meaning. Sense of place is rich in theory and have own rich characteristic which makes easy for people to recognize city uniqueness due to a strong sense of place. As "Being in" these old cities can also bring people back in reminiscent of younger days. The definition "sense of place" includes where the meaning and physical elements similar to people experiential place representing beliefs and about their memories. Clearly, this shows that by experiencing with these great cities from different diverse cultural geography settings explore on what makes these places meaningful. In Table 1, it shows that other studies have considered the relationship to places and people's experience, people's perception and people's response to the setting. Such experiences reflect Tuan's theories relating to the human characters, how they form attachments to home and surroundings, their feelings about space and place that affected by the sense of time. As Cullen, argues on what to achieve as a unique sense of place, individual landscape elements designed as part of a place. In this regard, taking a cue from the qualities of pre modern towns and the purpose of designing places not only facilitating of daily activities but providing symbolic and affective qualities is
more important to bring people to the place. Some of environmental psychologist also argue the experience of place is one the most important factors in the sense of place. The ideas of spirit within the place or character of place make up the sense of place, and how feelings like stimulated, excited, joyous are an example of this experience. A place is just not an object, but through the area and experience of meaningful activities. To the authors' knowledge, the experience is felt through all the sense such as sight, hearing, taste and touch by Tuan has been scarcely discussed from the
theoretical point of view.