Attitudinal research should concern

Attitudinal research should concern more than anxiety and competence, because it is clear that other factors are also important. Although there is a substantial body of research about attitudes toward mathematics, much of it is based on results with tools developed prior to current statistical standards for instrument development. In the meanwhile, factor analysis has matured as a method to examine interrelationships among a number of variables with minimal loss of information. The ATMI was constructed using these standards and may be an efficient and effective research tool to assess factors that influence expectations and performance in math because of its content validity, reliable factor scores, test-retest reliability, and brevity.