In late 1990s, firms turned to Networking standards and Software tools that could integrate disparate Networks and Applications throughout the firm into an Enterprise - wide Infrastructure using TCP/IP Networking Standards to tie their networks together.
The resulting Infrastructure linked different pieces of Computer Hardware and smaller networks into an Enterprise-wide network so that information can flow freely across the firm and between the firm and other firms.
The Enterprise Infrastructure also requires Software such as: Enterprise Application Integration Software, and Web Services, to link disparate Applications in order to enable data flow freely among different parts of the organization.