Flexibility and Rigidity, lnclusivity and Exclusivity Collective action frames
may vary in the degree to which they are relatively exclusive, rigid, inelastic,
and restricted or relatively inclusive, open, elastic, and elaborated in terms of the
number of themes or ideas they incorporate and articulate. Hypothetically, the
more inclusive and flexible collective action frames are, the more likely they are
to function as or evolve into "master frames" (discussed below).
Variation in Interpretive Scope and Influence The scope of the collective action
frames associated with most movements is limited to the interests of a particular
group or to a set of related problems. However, some collective action frames
are quite broad in terms of scope, functioning as a kind of master algorithm that
colors and constrains the orientations and activities of other movements. We have
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