Conversely, prevention of cardiolipin peroxidation leads to inhibition of apoptosis. These findings suggest that cardiolipin might be a crucial molecule that regulates the initiation of apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that hyperthermia increased cardiolipin peroxidation and that mitochondrial ROS plays an important role in hyperthermia-induced cardiolipin peroxidation. Future studies will investigate whether cardiolipin peroxidation plays an important role in initiating hyperthermia-induced platelet apoptosis.