Not all state apparatuses are conce

Not all state apparatuses are concerned about territorial integrity in the same way and for the same reasons. In some cases, state panic has to do with major, and restive, populations of refugees: the presence of large numbers of Afghans is this sort of concern for the government of Pakistan. Other states are worried about borders, which they may see as imperfect membranes, letting in undesirable aliens and commodities, while deterring legitimate tourists and workers. The U.S.-Mexico border is clearly of this kind, with osmotic capabilities (to filter out the wrong kinds of goods and services) now seen as highly imperfect. Yet other states for example in Africa, care less about policing borders but focus their energies on policing and sanctifying important cities, monuments and resources at the urban centers of the regime. Some states worry about commodity violations of territory; others worry more about people or diseases or political pollution. In the new South Africa, concerns about territory are tied up with the question of the reclamation of valuable agricultural lands previously monopolized by the white minority and with the rehabilitation of the vast squatter communities previously meant to be minimal containers for blacks and now seen as the living space of the enfranchised majority. These variations in state anxiety about territory have much to do with other aspects of state security and viability and varying resources for civil society, which cannot be discussed here.