To test Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3, the empirical analysis of this
study tests the proposed multilevel model using HLM version
6.02. Individual outcome variable analysis begins with fitting an
unconditional model (null model) to estimate the total systematic
variance in the outcome variable. Table 2 summarizes the statistical results obtained using the one-way ANOVA model. The oneway ANOVA performed in this study yields useful preliminary
information, including the estimation of the within- and between-organization variance. The between-organization variance