In the 1960s, an emergent systems e

In the 1960s, an emergent systems ecology14 used the graphic language
of analog computing to synoptically map the interlinking systems of feedbacks
upon which industrial civilization depends. Simulation programming
languages like MIT’s Dynamo (used to program the World Dynamics models
of the infl uential “Limits to Growth” report,15 helping fuel the environmental
battles of the 1970s) were expressly created to emulate analog computers
in the more fl exible medium of software.