These criteria distinguish 'punishm

These criteria distinguish 'punishment' from other kinds of unpleasantness - for example divine retribution, the pangs of conscience, having to be at school or at work when one would rather be elsewhere - by specifying that the pain must be inflicted by one or more persons on another person and that it must be the essential purpose of the pain-causing activity. Being a work on a sunny day might feel like 'punishment', but punishment is not the aim of work. This difference between deliberate punishment and situ ations that are "unpleasant is partly covered by the sixth criterion, but is further clarified by Nigel Walker's additional criterion, that
It is the belief or intention of the person who orders something to be done, and not the belief or intention of the person to whom it is done, that settles the question whether it is punishment.