Consistent with the findings of pre

Consistent with the findings of previous studies, our analyses showed that pain is associated with aggressive behaviors Indeed, reported that pain increased risk of aggression among 215 community-dwelling patients with dementia. indicated that pain was associated with aggressive behaviors among 161 NH residents with dementia using secondary analysis of prospective data in Alabama. However, these previous studies were based on relatively small samples and did not control for the use of pain medications or differentiate between verbal and physical aggression. In contrast, our study controlled for pain medications, used "big" data of NH residents in the United States, measured pain via self report or staff assessment (depending on the communicative abilities of residents), and differentiated be tween verbally and physically aggressive symptoms.