by the electromagnetic force due to

by the electromagnetic force due to the interaction of the arc current and the magnetic
field in the gap. The arc heats up the edges of the tubes to cause
localized melting and adjacent softening in the heat affected zone
(HAZ) and subsequently the tubes are forged together to obtain
the weld. This section presents a comprehensive overview of the
earlier research work carried out in the area of MIAB welding.
It also reveals the disagreement among various researchers with
respect to the underlying concepts of MIAB welding; in particular,
the discrepancies pertain to the interaction between the arc and
the applied and induced magnetic fields. There are very few literatures
pertaining to MIAB welding process and a comprehensive
overview of the most significant ones are presented here.