Chemicals were purchased from Merck

Chemicals were purchased from Merck and Aldrich.
Nanosilica-supported tin(II) chloride was prepared
according to the procedure reported in the literature [48–
50] with some modification. Melting points were measured
in open capillaries. All compounds are known and were
identified by comparison with authentic samples. 1
H NMR
and 13C NMR spectra were obtained on Bruker 400 MHz
spectrometer with DMSO-d6 as solvent, and chemical
shifts are given in parts per million relative to tetramethylsilane.
IR spectra were recorded (in KBr) on a FT-IR
Magna 550. Elemental analysis (C, H, N) was performed
with a Carlo ERBA Model EA 1108 analyzer. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained on a
Phillips XL-30ESEM. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDS) measurements were obtained with a PV9100
instrument, and XRD patterns were recorded by use of a
Rigaku D-max C III X-ray diffractometer using Ni-filtered
Cu Ka radiation.
General procedure for preparation of SnCl2/nano SiO2
catalyst
In a typical procedure, 0.28 g anhydrous tin(II) chloride
was added to a suspension of 3.075 g nano particles of
silica gel in 250 cm3 dichloromethane (DCM) as solvent.
The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.
The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure and
the residue was heated at 100 C under vacuum for 5 h to
furnish SnCl2/nano SiO2. The prepared SnCl2/nano SiO2
was structurally characterized by XRD, EDS, and SEM
analysis.