• The key element in classical cond

• The key element in classical conditioning is association.
• In classical conditioning, there are two types of stimulus (unconditioned stimulus
and conditioned stimulus) and two types of response (unconditioned response and
conditioned response).
• Three common phenomena in classical conditioning are generalization, discrimination,
and extinction.
• Operant or instrumental conditioning is a form of learning in which the consequences
of behaviour lead to changes in the probability that the behaviour will occur.
• Reinforcement will strengthen a behaviour while punishment will weaken a behaviour.
• In continuous reinforcement, reinforces are given as soon as possible after the target
behaviour is performed. In contrast, the schedule of reinforcement determines when a
behaviour will be reinforced.
• Punishment presents the fastest way to changing behaviour but it might be dangerous
to an individual.
• Social learning theory believes that students learn by observing or watching and
imitating other people.
• The four processes in observational learning are attention, retention, production, and
motivation.
• Bandura’s reciprocal determination model states that behaviour, environment and
person factors interact to influence learning.