reaction increased the sulfur content of pretreated fat. However, second pretreatment reaction had almost no effect on the sulfur content of pretreated fat. Nevertheless, the animal fat methyl esters fitted the ASTM D6751 (S500) biodiesel fuel standards. According to the economic analysis, the costs of biodiesels produced from corn oil, chicken fat and fleshing oil were 1.62 €, 1.40 € and 1.13 €, respectively.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the grants from Scientific Research Foundation of Kocaeli University and Izmit Municipality ( Project Nos. 2008/APP002 and 2011/37). The authors would like to thank to Istanbul Leather Organized Industry and Beypiliç Chicken Slaughterhouse (Bolu) managements for supplying the feedstocks. References