A control plating of supplied chicken base paste and powder formulations were also performed to confirm the absence of Salmonella spp. before inoculation. Each formulation was analyzed in triplicate by pre-enriching 25 g of sample in 225 mL of lactose broth (Acumedia) for 24 h at 35 °C. The samples were further processed as discussed in previous paragraph to determine the presence or absence of Salmonella spp. in all treatments.